A Study on the Deteriorating Air Quality due to Diesel Buses and the Potential of a Direct Exhaust Gas Capture System as a Solution

This study investigates the issue of excessive emissions and its impact in educational environments, by analysing the characteristics of three commonly used buses in the UAE—Ashok Leyland Falcon, Tata Elanza, and Toyota Coaster— such as their fuel types, fuel composition, engine specifications, and exhaust systems. This research also quantifies emissions of key pollutants such as CO2, NOx, particulate matter (PM), and unburnt hydrocarbons. Engine configurations and in-built emission control technologies (such as EGR, DPF, or SCR) and emission standards such as Euro 4 are studied to assess their effectiveness in reducing harmful exhaust outputs. Emission measurements were sourced from manufacturer data, certified emission tests, and field observations. The paper concludes by evaluating the environmental impact of each model, and proposing a flue-gas treatment system to ensure sustainable school transport.