Examining how Kenya Coast Guard Service (KCGS) as a Marine Security Function has Managed Crime on the Lake Waters, Hence Promoting Socio-Economic and Ecological Development Activities in the Lake Victoria Region, Kenya

Lake Victoria, Africa’s largest freshwater lake, holds vast economic, ecological, and strategic importance for Kenya, contributing significantly to the country’s blue economy through transportation, fishing, trade, and tourism. However, the lake has become increasingly vulnerable to crime, including smuggling, illegal fishing, human and drug trafficking, piracy, and environmental violations. These threats have undermined socio-economic development and ecological sustainability. In response, the Government of Kenya established the Kenya Coast Guard Service (KCGS) under the Kenya Coast Guard Service Act, 2018, to enforce maritime security, safety, and pollution control on Kenya’s waters, including Lake Victoria. This paper examines how KCGS has managed crime on Lake Victoria’s waters, enhancing socio-economic and ecological development. It explores operational strategies, coordination with other agencies, and impact on criminal activity. Using a qualitative approach, the study draws from government reports, scholarly literature, interviews, and case studies from counties surrounding the lake. Indicators such as improved trade, tourism, reduced degradation, and safety are used to evaluate effectiveness. Findings show KCGS has improved law enforcement, disrupted illegal networks, and enhanced compliance, especially in fisheries and transport. These gains support sustainable resource use, investor confidence, and increased legal trade and eco-tourism. Nonetheless, challenges like limited resources, weak inter-agency coordination, and political interference constrain full mandate realization. The paper concludes that strengthening institutional capacity, enhancing inter-agency collaboration, and involving communities are pivotal. The role of KCGS in securing Lake Victoria illustrates how marine security can support national development goals and regional integration under the African Union’s blue economy framework.