Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activity, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Kinnow Fruit Peel Extract

This study investigates the bioactive constituents, antioxidant efficacy, and antimicrobial activities of kinnow fruit peel extract. Qualitative phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and alkaloids. The extract’s antioxidant capacity, assessed using DPPH assay, exhibited notable radical scavenging activity. Antimicrobial properties were tested against E. coli and S. aureus using agar well diffusion technique, showing significant zones of inhibition. These results indicate the potential of kinnow peel as a natural therapeutic agent and sustainable by-product for the development of nutraceuticals and natural antimicrobial products.