Exploring Metabolomics Guided Authentication of Plant-Based Meat Alternatives Supporting Regulatory Standards and Consumer Health Protection

The global demand for plant-based meat alternatives has accelerated in response to rising environmental concerns, shifting dietary preferences, and the pursuit of healthier food systems. However, the authenticity, safety, and quality assurance of these products remain central challenges in meeting consumer expectations and regulatory requirements. Metabolomics, a systems-level analytical approach that profiles the complete set of metabolites in a biological sample, has emerged as a powerful tool for authenticating plant-based meats. Through advanced spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, coupled with bioinformatics-driven data integration, metabolomics enables the identification of product-specific biomarkers, detection of adulterants, and verification of ingredient sourcing. This review critically examines the application of metabolomics in the authentication of plant-based meat alternatives, focusing on its role in supporting regulatory frameworks, safeguarding consumer health, and enhancing transparency within the food supply chain. Key areas of emphasis include the detection of compositional discrepancies, allergen monitoring, nutritional profiling, and the prevention of fraudulent practices. Furthermore, the paper highlights the challenges of standardizing metabolomics protocols, ensuring reproducibility across laboratories, and integrating omics-based data into international regulatory standards. By situating metabolomics within the broader context of food authenticity and public health, this review underscores its transformative potential in strengthening consumer confidence and advancing sustainable food innovation.