Elastics in Orthodontics: A Comprehensive Review

Orthodontic elastics have long been employed as adjuncts in fixed orthodontic therapy to apply inter-arch or intra-arch forces for correcting malocclusions. These small yet potent tools offer clinicians a simple, cost-effective, and patient-manageable means of exerting continuous forces to guide tooth movement . Their use has been particularly pivotal in the correction of Class II and Class III discrepancies, midline deviations, and occlusal settling. This comprehensive review highlights the classification ,evolution of elastics in orthodontics, emphasizing the transition from natural rubber to synthetic elastomers, clinical uses and biocompatibility. Synthetic materials address limitations such as force degradation and allergic reactions associated with natural rubber. The study also discusses the introduction of fluoride-releasing elastomeric ligatures to reduce plaque retention and the risk of demineralization. However, it notes that elastics, unlike NiTi springs, do not maintain a continuous force over time, which can impact treatment efficacy.