Electric Frontiers: Innovations in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia Management

Arrhythmias remain a major hurdle to healthcare systems, especially atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular tachyarrhythmias as they pose significant risk for stroke and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Post-MI scars pose a risk for ventricular tachycardias (VTs) development due to re-entry of electric signals back into the scar tissue. Recent advancements in the field of cardiac electrophysiology enables detection and management of arrhythmias. Novel risk stratification methods such as ABC-stroke score have demonstrated higher accuracy in predicting risk of stroke in AF. Amulet implants have been recently approved as an alternative for oral anticoagulants. Innovations like pulsed field ablation (PFA) have provided a safer, tissue selective approach in managing arrhythmias. Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillators (ICDs) along with catheter ablation (CA) techniques marked to be practical therapy for recurrent VT. Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered algorithms are utilized for interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECGs), which is more sensitive and accurate. Remote monitoring (RM) is a cornerstone for modern arrhythmia management. It includes smartwatches, patch-based ECG monitoring, and implantable loop recorders. This enables for real time monitoring, aids in early diagnosing and intervention. Robotic magnetic guided navigation during CA can overcome complex procedural complications and treat arrhythmias. Clinical trials in gene therapy show promising results in offering new scope of managing arrhythmias. This review highlights the recent innovations in detecting and managing cardiac arrhythmias, marking a shift towards more of a technological driven approach.