Conceptual Foundations and Digital Integration in Supply Chain Management: A Theoretical Review

This paper offers a comprehensive conceptual review of modern supply chain management (SCM), placing emphasis on its theoretical progression and the integration of advanced digital technologies. The review encompasses the classical SCM cycle (planning, sourcing, manufacturing, delivery, returns), modern digital enablers (IoT, blockchain, ERP, big data analytics), strategic models (Lean, Agile, Responsive, JIT, VMI, Omni-channel), and human competencies essential for successful implementation. Through critical synthesis, the paper highlights how digitization enhances visibility, agility, and resilience, while also uncovering inherent challenges such as complexity and ethical concerns. The outcome is a robust knowledge foundation to inform future empirical studies and to guide the design of digitally-enabled, sustainable supply networks in diverse business contexts.