AI - Driven Safety Surveillance and Health Monitoring System with Magnetic Induction Based Wireless Data Transfer for Underground Mining and Tunneling Applications

For long-distance communication in the air, Electromagnetic (EM) waves are often used as well. However, when used for communication through soil, their performance becomes compromised due to the varying composition of the soil such as red soil or black cotton soil. Soil with these properties absorbs and diffraction is very high, which results in data loss. Due to the underground environment, path loss and signal attenuation increase as transmission distance increases. In modern times, communication systems are primarily used underground to transmit data in fields such as agriculture, tunnel monitoring, and underground infrastructure. These communications are supported by Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSN) that have been developed. Due to the challenges faced with underground applications of EM waves, Magnetic Induction (MI) has become more effective. The use of magnetic coils as transceivers provides a more stable and efficient way to transmit data through soil.